M.D., University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa., 1983.

Residency/Fellowship: University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich. (internal medicine residency), 1984-1986; (gastroenterology fellowship), 1986-1989.

Certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology.

University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich., lecturer, Internal Medicine, 1989-1990; Instructor, 1990-1993; Assistant Professor, 1993-1998; Associate Professor, 1998-2007; Professor, 2007-2021; Professor Emeritus, 2021-present, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2002-2004; SmartPill Corporation, consultant, grant funding, 2004-2016; GSK Pharmaceuticals and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2008; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2012; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2013; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2015; Allergan, Plc., consultant, 2016-2018; Nevro, Inc., Salix Pharmaceuticals, and Shire Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2018; Takeda Pharmaceuticals, consultant, 2020; Evoke Pharma, consultant, 2022; Enterra Medical, consultant, advisor board, 2022-present; Atmo Biosciences, consultant, research funding; 2023-2024; Alimetry Ltd., consultant, 2024-present.

Appointed to the staff of Mayo Clinic in Arizona, 2021; Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 2022-present.